@font-face{font-family:Inter;src:url('/assets/fonts/inter-latin.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:'Noto Sans Arabic';src:url('/assets/fonts/noto-arabic.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;font-display:swap}
:root{color-scheme:light;--bg:#f7f7fa;--surface:#fdfdfe;--soft:#efedf6;--ink:#20202b;--muted:#606070;--border:#dcdce6;--accent:#6254c7;--accent-hover:#5142b3;--on-accent:#fdfcfe;--shadow:0 14px 40px #28203e0a;--radius:12px;--font:Inter,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',sans-serif}
:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--bg:#17171e;--surface:#202028;--soft:#2d293e;--ink:#f1f0f7;--muted:#b8b5c7;--border:#3d3b4b;--accent:#b9adff;--accent-hover:#c9bfff;--on-accent:#211b3a;--shadow:0 14px 40px #08070d20}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-padding-top:96px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font);font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}h1,h2,h3,p,figure{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.18;letter-spacing:-.035em;text-wrap:balance}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,summary{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}button:disabled{cursor:default}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}button{color:inherit}::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.wrap{width:min(1200px,calc(100% - 64px));margin-inline:auto}.skip{position:fixed;top:-90px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--surface);padding:12px 18px;border:1px solid var(--accent);border-radius:8px}.skip:focus{top:12px}.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
/* Layer order: reading contents 10, site header 20, skip link 100. */
.site-header{height:72px;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:var(--bg);border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.header-inner{height:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:40px}.brand{font-size:22px;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:-1px;white-space:nowrap}.brand span{color:var(--accent)}.site-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;font-size:14px;font-weight:500}.site-nav a{color:var(--muted)}.site-nav a:hover,.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink)}.header-tools{margin-inline-start:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px}.about-link{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.theme-button{width:38px;height:38px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:50%;background:var(--surface);font-size:20px;display:grid;place-items:center}.theme-button:hover{border-color:var(--accent)}
.library-intro{padding-block:40px 26px}.library-intro h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.5vw,52px);max-width:24ch;font-weight:700}.library-intro p{margin-top:12px;color:var(--muted);font-size:17px}.library-toolbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(240px,1fr) 200px 150px 150px;gap:12px;margin:0 0 28px;align-items:end}.control label{display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:7px;color:var(--muted)}.control input,.control select{width:100%;min-height:46px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;background:var(--surface);padding:10px 13px;color:var(--ink)}.control input::placeholder{color:var(--muted)}.search-control{position:relative}.search-control input{padding-inline-end:64px}.clear-search{position:absolute;inset-inline-end:10px;bottom:10px;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--accent);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;min-height:26px}.search-status{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:18px;min-height:24px}.search-error{border:1px solid var(--border);padding:16px;border-radius:8px;margin:18px 0;background:var(--surface)}.search-error button,.text-button{border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;padding:4px 0;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.search-empty{padding:52px 28px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:12px;text-align:center}.search-empty h2{font-size:24px}.search-empty p{color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 16px}.search-loading{opacity:.55;pointer-events:none}
.featured{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.12fr 1fr;overflow:hidden;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--border);margin:6px 0 40px}.featured-visual{display:block;min-width:0;background:var(--soft)}.featured-visual img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:16/10}.featured-copy{padding:34px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;align-items:flex-start}.topic-label{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:.01em}.featured h2{font-size:clamp(24px,2.8vw,36px);margin:13px 0 14px}.featured p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7}.featured .read-link{margin-top:22px}.read-link{font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);display:inline-flex;gap:9px;align-items:center}.read-link:hover{gap:14px}.article-meta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin-top:18px}.article-meta span+span{border-inline-start:1px solid var(--border);padding-inline-start:12px}
.catalogue-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:40px;align-items:start}.topic-sidebar{position:sticky;top:98px}.topic-sidebar h2{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:16px}.topic-sidebar nav{display:grid;gap:2px}.topic-sidebar a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);padding:8px 10px;border-radius:7px;margin-inline-start:-10px;line-height:1.4}.topic-sidebar a:hover,.topic-sidebar a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--soft);color:var(--accent)}.topic-sidebar small{font-size:11px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.topic-sidebar details{margin-top:6px}.topic-sidebar summary{color:var(--accent);font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;padding:8px 0}.catalogue-header{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;margin-bottom:24px}.catalogue-header h2{font-size:25px}.catalogue-header p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.article-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:26px;row-gap:34px}.article-card{min-width:0}.card-image{display:block;overflow:hidden;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--soft);margin-bottom:17px}.card-image img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .22s ease}.article-card:hover .card-image img{transform:scale(1.025)}.article-card h3{font-size:21px;margin:9px 0 9px;line-height:1.3}.article-card h3 a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:4px}.card-description{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden}.card-meta{display:flex;gap:14px;align-items:center;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:13px}.language-label{font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);background:var(--soft);padding:2px 7px;border-radius:4px}.pagination{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:6px;margin:46px 0}.pagination a,.pagination button,.pagination .current{height:40px;min-width:40px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;padding:7px 12px;background:var(--surface);text-align:center;font-size:13px}.pagination .current{background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent);border-color:var(--accent)}.pagination a:hover,.pagination button:hover{border-color:var(--accent)}.pagination .page-count{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin-inline:8px}.paths-section{margin-top:44px;padding-top:34px;border-top:1px solid var(--border)}.paths-section h2{font-size:29px;margin-bottom:10px}.paths-section>p{color:var(--muted);max-width:62ch}.paths-list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 36px;margin-top:22px}.path-link{display:block;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.path-link h3{font-size:19px;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:8px}.path-link p{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;max-width:55ch}.path-link span{display:block;font-size:12px;color:var(--accent);margin-top:12px}.path-link:hover h3{color:var(--accent)}
.article-heading{padding-block:34px 27px;max-width:940px;margin-inline:auto}.breadcrumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:22px}.breadcrumb a:hover{color:var(--accent)}.article-heading h1{font-size:clamp(32px,4.3vw,52px);font-weight:700;line-height:1.15;max-width:28ch;margin:12px 0 18px}.article-deck{font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:64ch}.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;font-size:12px;margin-top:22px;color:var(--muted)}.byline a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.byline time{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.article-cover{max-width:1080px;margin:0 auto 36px;border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;background:var(--soft)}.article-cover img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:210px minmax(0,720px);gap:58px;max-width:1080px;margin-inline:auto;align-items:start}.article-sidebar{position:sticky;top:100px;max-height:calc(100dvh - 125px);overflow-y:auto;padding-bottom:12px;font-size:12px}.article-sidebar h2{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:14px}.toc-links{display:grid;gap:8px;border-inline-start:1px solid var(--border);padding-inline-start:14px}.toc-links a{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.5}.toc-links a:hover,.toc-links a[aria-current=location]{color:var(--accent)}.sidebar-tools{margin-top:24px}.sidebar-tools button{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:12px}.copy-status{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.mobile-toc{display:none}.article-body{font-size:17px;line-height:1.86;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-body>h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.25;margin:42px 0 18px}.article-body>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.article-body h3{font-size:21px;line-height:1.35;margin:28px 0 12px}.article-body p{margin:0 0 20px}.article-body ul,.article-body ol{padding-inline-start:24px;margin:0 0 24px}.article-body li{padding-inline-start:3px;margin:7px 0}.article-body a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.article-body blockquote{margin:26px 0;padding:14px 22px;border-inline-start:3px solid var(--accent);background:var(--soft);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0}.article-body blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-body strong{font-weight:650}.article-body table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:14px}.article-body th,.article-body td{padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);text-align:start;vertical-align:top}.article-body th{background:var(--soft)}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;margin:26px 0}.article-body pre{overflow-x:auto;padding:20px;background:var(--soft);border-radius:8px;direction:ltr;text-align:left;font-size:14px}.article-body code{background:var(--soft);font-size:.88em;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:4px}.article-body img{border-radius:12px}.article-body .cnt-callout{padding:20px;background:var(--soft);border-radius:12px;margin:24px 0}.article-body .cnt-callout-ic{display:none}.article-body hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin:30px 0}.article-body input[type=checkbox]{accent-color:var(--accent);margin-inline-end:8px}.article-body .checklist-label{cursor:pointer}.article-body .checklist-label:has(input:checked){color:var(--muted)}.anchor-alias{display:block;scroll-margin-top:96px}.research-note{border:1px solid var(--border);border-inline-start:4px solid var(--accent);padding:20px;border-radius:8px;margin-bottom:28px;background:var(--soft);font-size:15px}.answer-box{font-size:18px;line-height:1.75;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);padding-bottom:24px;margin-bottom:28px}.reference-list{font-size:14px}.reference-list p{color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.author-box{margin:40px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:28px;display:grid;gap:12px}.author-box h2{font-size:21px}.author-box p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.author-box a{font-size:14px}.related-section{margin:64px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--border);padding-top:32px}.related-section h2{font-size:29px;margin-bottom:26px}.related-section .article-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.related-section .article-card h3{font-size:19px}.path-sequence{counter-reset:step;display:grid;gap:24px;max-width:850px;margin:28px 0 0}.path-step{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;gap:24px;padding-bottom:24px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border)}.path-step img{border-radius:8px;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.path-step h2{font-size:22px;margin-bottom:10px}.path-step p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.path-step a:hover h2{color:var(--accent)}
.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:64px;padding:32px 0}.footer-inner{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:22px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}.footer-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px}.footer-links a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
[dir=rtl]{--font:'Noto Sans Arabic',Inter,sans-serif}[dir=rtl] h1,[dir=rtl] h2,[dir=rtl] h3{letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.55}[dir=rtl] .article-body{line-height:2}[dir=rtl] .article-heading h1{font-size:clamp(29px,4vw,44px)}[dir=rtl] .brand{font-family:Inter,sans-serif;direction:ltr}[dir=rtl] .article-deck{line-height:1.9}
@media(min-width:768px){.article-card{content-visibility:auto;contain-intrinsic-size:auto 430px}}
@media(max-width:1023px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.library-toolbar{grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr}.search-control{grid-column:1/-1}.catalogue-layout{grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);gap:26px}.featured-copy{padding:25px}.featured h2{font-size:28px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr);gap:30px}.header-inner{gap:24px}.site-nav{gap:20px}.about-link{display:none}}
@media(max-width:767px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 36px)}.site-header{height:62px}.header-inner{gap:20px}.brand{font-size:21px}.site-nav{gap:16px;font-size:12px}.site-nav .nav-topics{display:none}.header-tools{gap:10px}.theme-button{width:34px;height:34px;font-size:18px}.library-intro{padding:26px 0 22px}.library-intro h1{font-size:34px;max-width:20ch}.library-intro p{font-size:15px;max-width:38ch}.library-toolbar{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px;margin-bottom:22px}.search-control{grid-column:1/-1}.sort-control{grid-column:1/-1}.control label{font-size:11px}.control input,.control select{font-size:14px;min-height:44px}.featured{grid-template-columns:1fr;margin-bottom:30px}.featured-visual img{aspect-ratio:16/9;max-height:300px}.featured-copy{padding:23px}.featured h2{font-size:27px;margin-top:10px}.featured p{font-size:14px}.featured .read-link{margin-top:16px}.catalogue-layout{display:block}.topic-sidebar{display:none}.catalogue-header{margin-bottom:20px}.catalogue-header h2{font-size:23px}.article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.article-card h3{font-size:22px}.card-description{-webkit-line-clamp:2}.paths-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.paths-section{margin-top:24px}.paths-section h2{font-size:26px}.pagination{gap:5px;margin:32px 0}.pagination a,.pagination button,.pagination .current{min-width:36px;height:38px;padding:7px 10px}.pagination .page-count{width:100%;text-align:center;margin-top:8px}.article-heading{padding:24px 0}.breadcrumb{margin-bottom:16px;font-size:11px}.article-heading h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.18;max-width:22ch}.article-deck{font-size:16px}.byline{gap:10px 15px;font-size:11px}.article-cover{margin-bottom:24px}.article-layout{display:block}.article-sidebar{display:none}.mobile-toc{display:block;margin-bottom:26px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:8px;background:var(--surface);padding:13px 16px;font-size:14px}.mobile-toc summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}.mobile-toc nav{margin-top:15px}.mobile-toc a{font-size:13px}.article-body{font-size:16px;line-height:1.85}.article-body>h2{font-size:25px;margin-top:34px}.article-body h3{font-size:20px}.answer-box{font-size:17px}.related-section{margin-top:38px}.related-section .article-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.related-section h2{font-size:25px}.related-section .article-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px 1fr;gap:16px}.related-section .card-image{margin:0}.related-section .card-description{display:none}.related-section .article-card h3{font-size:17px;margin-top:7px}.related-section .card-meta{margin-top:9px;font-size:11px}.site-footer{margin-top:42px}.path-step{grid-template-columns:95px 1fr;gap:16px}.path-step h2{font-size:20px}.path-step p{font-size:14px}[dir=rtl] .article-heading h1{font-size:29px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*:before,*:after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
@media print{.site-header,.article-sidebar,.mobile-toc,.related-section,.site-footer,.library-toolbar{display:none}.wrap{width:100%}.article-layout{display:block}.article-body{font-size:12pt}.article-cover{max-width:500px}body{background:#fff;color:#111}.article-body a{color:inherit}.article-body h2,.article-body h3{break-after:avoid}}
/* Shared template details. */
.eyebrow{font-size:11px!important;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:.08em;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:10px}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-90px;left:16px;z-index:100;background:var(--surface);padding:12px 18px;border:1px solid var(--accent);border-radius:8px}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}.theme-toggle{width:38px;height:38px;border:1px solid var(--border);border-radius:50%;background:var(--surface);font-size:20px;display:grid;place-items:center}.header-tools>a{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.article-byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;font-size:12px;margin-top:22px;color:var(--muted)}.article-byline a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.pagination [aria-current=page]{background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent);border-color:var(--accent)}.paths-section>div>p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;max-width:62ch}.path-link{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.path-link>span{margin:0}.path-link strong{display:block;font-size:19px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.02em}.path-link small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;margin-top:8px}.path-link:hover strong{color:var(--accent)}.related-section{margin-inline:auto}.path-sequence{margin-inline:auto;list-style:none;padding-inline:0}.text-link{color:var(--accent)}.catalogue-header>span{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}#article-results[aria-busy=true]{opacity:.65}#reset-search{background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent);padding:10px 16px;border:0;border-radius:8px}.article-body h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.25;margin:42px 0 18px}.article-body>div>h2:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.article-heading .research-note{margin-top:22px;margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:1023px){.header-tools>a{display:none}}
@media(max-width:767px){.theme-toggle{width:34px;height:34px;font-size:18px}.header-inner{gap:14px}.site-nav{gap:12px}.article-body h2{font-size:25px}.article-byline{font-size:11px;gap:10px 15px}.clear-search{min-width:32px;font-size:20px;bottom:6px}.path-link strong{font-size:18px}}
@media(max-width:420px){[dir=rtl] .header-inner{gap:9px}[dir=rtl] .site-nav{gap:9px;font-size:11px}[dir=rtl] .brand{font-size:20px}.site-nav a{white-space:nowrap}.theme-toggle{flex-shrink:0}}
/* Preserve the older articles' useful steps and summaries in the new reading layout. */
.article-body .cnt-steps{display:grid;gap:22px;margin-block:24px}.article-body .cnt-step{display:grid;grid-template-columns:36px minmax(0,1fr);gap:15px}.article-body .cnt-step-num{width:32px;height:32px;display:grid;place-items:center;border-radius:50%;background:var(--soft);color:var(--accent);font-size:13px;font-weight:650}.article-body .cnt-step-body h3{margin-top:0}.article-body .cnt-step-body p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-body .cnt-divider{height:1px;background:var(--border);margin-block:36px}.article-body .cnt-stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;padding-block:24px;border-block:1px solid var(--border);margin-block:28px}.article-body .cnt-stat-num{font-size:30px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent)}.article-body .cnt-stat-label{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted)}.article-body .lib-supplement{border-top:1px solid var(--border);margin-top:36px;padding-top:10px}
:root{--control-border:#8b8799}:root[data-theme=dark]{--control-border:#827d91}.control input,.control select,.theme-toggle,.sidebar-tools button{border-color:var(--control-border)}.clear-search{min-width:28px}